In 2009, a survey was taken of 100 advanced aquarists who identified twenty five suspected causes for HLLE in marine fishes. The majority of the survey participants believed that HLLE in marine fishes such as tangs and angelfish is caused by a dietary problem, notably deficiencies in vitamin C or low levels of highly unsaturated fatty acids. General stress caused by captivity also was cited as a major cause of HLLE. Other survey responses included stray electrical current, the use of copper medications, heavy metal toxicity, lack of sunlight, the use of activated carbon or the presence of a variety of chemical pollutants all as possible causes of HLLE. Viral and bacterial infections have also been implicated in causing this syndrome (Varner 1991, Hemdal 1989).
HLLE does appear in systems that don't run carbon -- but at least this seems to be definitive proof that carbon is a cause.
Sorry to hijack the thread here: Fast are you using the dual reactor from BRS for running carbon and biopellets? I was thinking about doing this.
Thanks, okay back to the carbon bashing.
:lol:
There is a dose-response relationship here though, based on the different amounts of carbon that were used. Only in the last 6 months did I start running carbon 24/7 in my dual reactor from BRS. I never used carbon before then. But the volume of carbon I use is so small compared to my system volume, I doubt I'd see negative results.
Sorry to hijack the thread here: Fast are you using the dual reactor from BRS for running carbon and biopellets? I was thinking about doing this.