A GFCI measures the current going in through the circuit against the current going out, this trips the GFCI when different meaning that you are loosing current somewhere along the line.
Another way of putting this is standard breaker or fuse are a measure against major overloads in the circuit. If a circuit is running @14.5 amps it will not trip a 15 amp breaker but will trip a GFCI if the input line is 14.5 and the output line is 14.2.
I deal with water and electricity everyday and know all to well the danger of mixing the two.